Apr 27, 2019 bausch dg, nichol st, muyembetamfum jj, et al. Marburg virus is one of two viruses of the filovirus family which, along with ebola virus, can cause a severe and fatal haemorrhagic fever vhf. The casefatality rate for marburg hemorrhagic fever is between 2325%. Marburg virus belongs to the genus marburgvirus in the family filoviridae and causes a severe hemorrhagic fever, known as marburg hemorrhagic fever mhf, in both humans and nonhuman primates. Similar to the more widely known ebola hemorrhagic fever, mhf is characterized by systemic viral replication, immunosuppression and abnormal inflammatory responses. Marburg disease, marburg haemorrhagic fever, african haemorrhagic fever, and green monkey disease 1 2. There have been past outbreaks of this illness as well as isolated cases that have resulted in high mortality. Marburg virus disease is caused by viruses that produce symptoms of fever, chills, headaches and muscle aches early in the disease. Particular occupations, such as veterinarians and laboratory or quarantine. Reducing your chance of infection and recognizing the symptoms early can mean the difference between life and death if you or someone you know contracts marburg. The responsible pathogen, marburg virus, is a member of the filoviridae family along with the ebola virus 1. It is a zoonosis an animal disease that can spread to humans believed to be transmitted by african fruit bats rousettus aegyptiacus to humans.
Marburg virus is a member of the family of filoviruses. Marburg hemorrhagic fever definition of marburg hemorrhagic. Marburg and ebola are the only members of the filovirus family. Marburg hemorrhagic fever genetic and rare diseases. Marburg hemorrhagic fever starts as a nonspecific febrile illness but rapidly progresses to include hemorrhagic complications and, in the most severe cases, a septic shocklike syndrome. Owing to largely sensationalist accounts of outbreaks 2, these diseases are widely. Marburg hemorrhagic fever the forgotten cousin strikes. Viral hemorrhagic fever florida department of health. Outbreaks marburg hemorrhagic fever marburg hf cdc. They are hemorrhagic fever pathogens, meaning the infection may lead to shock, bleeding and multiorgan failure. Marburg hemorrhagic fever in durba and watsa, democratic. The 5 species of ebola are the other 5 members of the family.
Background diagnosis of viral hemorrhagic fever vhf must be made by a physician. Marburg virus is a hemorrhagic fever virus of the filoviridae family of viruses and a member of the species marburg marburgvirus, genus marburgvirus. Similar to ebola virus, marburg hemorrhagic fever is a very rare but dangerous type of hemorrhagic fever that affects both humans and primates. Mar 29, 2019 similar to ebola virus, marburg hemorrhagic fever is a very rare but dangerous type of hemorrhagic fever that affects both humans and primates. Ebola hemorrhagic fever ehf and marburg hemorrhagic fever. It may lead into the development of marburg virus disease when it affects the nonhuman primates and humans. Mar 07, 2018 marburg hemorrhagic fever or marburg virus is a rare, severe type of hemorrhagic fever which impacts both humans and nonhuman primates. International center for medical research of franceville, bp769, franceville, gabon. Apr 05, 2020 marburg hemorrhagic fever starts as a nonspecific febrile illness but rapidly progresses to include hemorrhagic complications and, in the most severe cases, a septic shocklike syndrome. May 18, 2017 home medical 10 facts about marburg virus check facts about marburg virus if you want to be informed with hemorrhagic fever virus. Risk of exposure marburg hemorrhagic fever marburg hf.
Historically, the people at highest risk include family members and hospital staff who care for patients infected with marburg virus and have not used proper barrier nursing techniques. As with ebola virus, the actual animal host for marburg virus also remains a mystery. In this table, provisional cases of notifiable diseases are displayed for united states, u. On july 10, 2008, marburg hemorrhagic fever was confirmed in a dutch patient who. People who have close contact with african fruit bats, humans patients, or nonhuman primates infected with marburg virus are at risk. Marburg virus is a member of the filoviridae family, and is an elongated filamentous molecule, highly variable in length, but typically around nm long with a uniform diameter of 80 nm 2 3. A detailed description of the marburg hemorrhagic fever outbreaks in the durba area has been published elsewhere 1. Marburg hemorrhagic fever marburg hf is a rare, severe type of hemorrhagic fever which affects both humans and nonhuman primates.
Marburg hemorrhagic fever associated with multiple genetic lineages of virus. Closely related to ebola virus, marv is a filamentous virus with a negativesense, single. Rougeron v1, feldmann h2, grard g3, becker s4, leroy em5. Dec 01, 2014 because many of the signs and symptoms of marburg hemorrhagic fever are similar to those of other infectious diseases such as malaria or typhoid fever, clinical diagnosis of the disease can be difficult, especially if only a single case is involved. Marburg virus disease, also known as marburg hemorrhagic fever, is a severe illness with a high mortality rate. Cdc viral hemorrhagic fevers emergency preparedness. Marburg virus is related to the ebola virus in that both viruses belong to the filovirus family. Marburg virus marv is the causative agent of hemorrhagic fever outbreaks with high case fatality rates. Marburg hemorrhagic fever medical definition merriam.
Ebola hemorrhagic fever ehf and marburg hemorrhagic fever mhf are two similar clinical diseases caused by viruses of the genera ebolavirus ebov and marburgvirus marv, respectively, both of the family filoviridae 1. Three days after a fatal case of marburg hemorrhagic fever was diagnosed in uganda, 99 people have been quarantined in four different locations across the east african country, as field. Reston ebolavirus occurs in the philippines, and has also been reported in prrs virusinfected pigs from a 2008 outbreak in china. Oct 07, 2014 three days after a fatal case of marburg hemorrhagic fever was diagnosed in uganda, 99 people have been quarantined in four different locations across the east african country, as field. Apr 11, 2014 marburg hemorrhagic fever wcs fiveeight. The virus has the potential to spread from person to person, especially among healthcare staff and family members who care for patient with marburg vhf. Click the link for more information hemorrhagic fever hemorrhagic fever, any of a group of viral diseases characterized by sudden. Marburg virus is a hemorrhagic fever virus of the filoviridae family of viruses and a member of. We strongly recommend that you talk with a trusted healthcare. Nihsupported experimental marburg vaccine prevents. All funding was provided by the centers for disease control and prevention. Centers for disease control and prevention, national center for emerging and zoonotic infectious diseases ncezid, division of highconsequence pathogens and pathology dhcpp, viral special pathogens branch vspb. Testing of a later sample has also shown equivocal results for previous infection, so more detailed testing of both samples was conducted and it was confirmed that the patients illness was due to marburg hemorrhagic fever virus. Nihsupported experimental marburg vaccine prevents disease.
Marburg virus detected in fruit bats of sierra leone. Bunyaviruses include rift valley fever rvf virus, crimeancongo hemorrhagic fever cchf virus, and hantavirus. Risk factors include exposure to african green monkeys and certain bats. Viral hemorrhagic fevers chapter 4 2020 yellow book. Check facts about marburg virus if you want to be informed with hemorrhagic fever virus. Laboratory diagnosis of ebola and marburg hemorrhagic fever. Marburg virus disease mvd is a viral infection caused by the marburg virus belonging to the filoviridae family. According to the world health organization, marburg hemorrhagic fever has a fatality rate of up to 80 percent, while ebola fever has a fatality rate of up to 90 percent.
Marburg virus is a member of the filoviridae family, and is an elongated filamentous molecule, highly variable in length, but typically. Marburg hemorrhagic fever starts as a nonspecific febrile illness but rapidly progresses to include hemorrhagic complications and, in the most severe cases, a. Marburg hemorrhagic fever can occur in both humans and other primates. Caused by a genetically unique zoonotic that is, animalborne rna virus of the filovirus family, its recognition led. Both diseases are rare, but have a capacity to cause dramatic outbreaks with. Similar to the more widely known ebola hemorrhagic fever, mhf is characterized by systemic viral replication, immunosuppression and abnormal inflammatory. The flaviviruses include dengue virus, yellow fever virus, omsk hemorrhagic fever virus, kyasanur forest disease virus, and alkhurma hemorrhagic fever virus also see the dengue and yellow fever sections in this chapter. Marburg hemorrhagic fever mhf, caused by marburg virus, is a severe viral hemorrhagic disease characterized by initial fever and malaise followed by. Jan 30, 2009 testing of a later sample has also shown equivocal results for previous infection, so more detailed testing of both samples was conducted and it was confirmed that the patients illness was due to marburg hemorrhagic fever virus.
Person to person transmission occurs when coming into contact with the blood. It may also lead to the deadly life threatening hemorrhagic. The cdcs web site counts fewer than 500 confirmed cases since the virus was first recognized in 1967. Common presenting complaints are fever, myalgia, and prostration, with headache, pharyngitis. Ebov consists of four species, zaire ebov, sudan ebov, ivory coast ebov, and reston ebov, which were first isolated in the democratic republic of congo, sudan. How to recognize marburg hemorrhagic fever symptoms. Marburg virus causes severe and acute viral hemorrhagic fever in humans, a disease with a case fatality rate of up to 88%. Outbreak of marburg hemorrhagic fever among miners in kamwenge and ibanda districts, uganda, 2007. Clinical aspects of marburg hemorrhagic fever medscape. Person to person transmission occurs when coming into contact with the blood and bodily secretions of infected. Laboratory diagnostic systems for ebola and marburg.
At the center is the helical ribonucleocapsid, which consists of the genomic rna. Caused by a genetically unique zoonotic that is, animalborne rna virus of the filovirus family, its recognition le. Viral hemorrhagic fevers, machupo virus to viral hemorrhagic fevers, sabia virus 2019. The clinical presentation typically consists of a progressive disease with fever, hemorrhagic manifestations, multiorgan failure, shock, and other serious complications.
Marburg virus marv causes marburg virus disease in humans and nonhuman primates, a form of viral hemorrhagic fever. Marburg haemorrhagic fever who regional office for africa. More than 30 years after the discovery of marburg virus as the causative agent of an outbreak of severe viral hemorrhagic fever in germany and the former yugoslavia in 1967, the longforgotten path. Feb 08, 2009 marburg hemorrhagic fever is extremely rare. Marburg hf is caused by marburg virus, a genetically unique zoonotic or, animal borne rna virus of the filovirus family. Marburg virus was first recognized in 1967, when outbreaks of hemorrhagic fever occurred simultaneously in laboratories in marburg and frankfurt, germany. Marburg virus is one of 2 viruses belonging to the. The first documented outbreak of this disease was in 1967 in germany and yugoslavia which is currently known as serbia 2. Marburg virus disease is characterized by a hemorrhagic fever. The marburg virus, together with the four known ebola viruses, makes up the virus family known as filoviruses. When a person or a nonhuman primate is infected by the virus, they should be treated in biosafety level 4equivalent containment.
Marburg virus is the causative agent of marburg haemorrhagic fever mhf, a disease with a case fatality ratio of up to 88%. The marburg virus is a close relative of the ebola virus explain researchers. Marburg hemorrhagic fever outbreak occurred in germany and yugoslavia in 1967, among laboratory workers who had been exposed to tissues from imported african green vervet monkeys cercopithecus aethiops. Results matching topic of marburg virus page 1 of 1 data. In summary, primary cases were found among gold miners, and secondary cases were found among family members. Because many of the signs and symptoms of marburg hemorrhagic fever are similar to those of other infectious diseases such as malaria or typhoid fever, clinical diagnosis of the disease can be difficult, especially if only a single case is involved. Mvd is a viral hemorrhagic fever vhf, and the clinical symptoms are indistinguishable from ebola virus disease evd. Get the facts on the history, symptoms, and treatment of marburg virus disease, formerly known as marburg hemorrhagic fever.
Signs and symptoms marburg hemorrhagic fever marburg hf cdc. First outbreak, 1967, in marburg and frankfurt germany due to research on african green monkeys. Life cycle of the dengue fever virus hhmi biointeractive video duration. Response to imported case of marburg hemorrhagic fever, the. The world health organization who rates it as a risk group 4 pathogen. Ebola virus and marburg virus ebov and marv, respectively of the family filoviridae cause hemorrhagic fever with high mortality rates, sometimes reaching 50 to 90% of infected individuals, in humans and nonhuman primates 10, 16, 47. Marburg hemorrhagic fever associated with multiple genetic. At least three soviet research institutes had marv research programs during the cold war. These viruses are among the most virulent pathogens known to infect humans. Signs and symptoms marburg hemorrhagic fever marburg hf. Marburg haemorrhagic fever mhf is a viral haemorrhagic fever and a virus from the same family as the one that causes ebola haemorrhagic fever. Marburg haemorrhagic fever was initially detected in 1967 after simultaneous outbreaks in marburg, from which the disease takes its name, and frankfurt in germany. The python cave is a popular destination among tourists to see the batinfested cave. Hemorrhagic fever viruses have been weaponized by the former soviet union, russia, and the united states.
186 585 253 1072 829 777 1211 155 581 945 915 1009 1251 1004 548 177 1011 215 845 1216 294 370 1007 1293 94 1206 346 65 537 398